نموذج تشريح ثلاثي الأبعاد
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شراءالأنف هو الجهاز التنفسي والشمي في الجسم. ال تجويف أنفي consists of several compartments and structures such as conchae, meatuses, cribriform plates, and many more.
Nasal turbinates or nasal conchae are the narrow, long, and curled bones which protrude inside the تجويف أنفي. These bony projections run towards the midline and downwards in the تجويف أنفي. تساعد جميع أنواع المحارة في تقسيم تجويف أنفي into groove-like air passages that are essential for nasal breathing. In addition, these bones help provide significant landmarks for the surgical procedures that involve accessing the skull through the nose.
Nasal conchae divide into three parts:
Meatuses are the passages that lie underneath each conchae. Each of these meatuses is capable of communicating with the تجويف أنفي independently
Meatuses are divided into 3 types:
It lies under the surface of the inferior concha, and of all the three meatuses, the inferior concha is the largest. A duct that drains tears from the eyes, known as the Nasolacrimal duct, connects to the inferior meatus and drains into the nasal cavity.
It lies just below the middle concha. The middle meatus is connected to multiple air sinuses on the face.
It lies just below the superior concha. Of all the meatuses, superior meatus is the shallowest and shortest meatus in size. This is because the superior meatus receives openings from the ethmoidal sinuses.
The four quadrants of the nasal conchae are supplied by sensory nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve
Olfactory or special sensory nerves have distributions to the superior concha to aid in the sense of smell.
ال تجويف أنفي and surrounding structures have a rich supply of blood. Both the external and internal carotid arteries give blood supply to the nose.
Ethmoidal arteries are the ophthalmic artery branches that descend into the cavity of the nose via the cribriform plate to supply the nasal concha.
ال شريان الوجه also gives blood supply to parts of the conchae. A few branches of the sphenopalatine artery also supply the concha.
The nasal conchae form a venous plexus that drain to the facial, and pharyngeal veins.
For lymphatic drainage, lymph from the nasal conchae drains into the submandibular, deep cervical, and retropharyngeal nodes.
There are a few basic functions of the nasal conchae:
Invasion of the nasal cavity or concha by microorganisms causes infection of the تجويف أنفي This can be acute, chronic, or recurrent acute depending on the duration. Infection can lead to abscess formation. Most nasal cavity infections are viral, and only a small proportion develops due to bacteria. Rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, and parainfluenza viruses are the most common causes of sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses).
التهاب الجيوب الأنفية الفطرية الغازية is the infection of sinuses by fungi. This type of infection is common in people having immunocompromising conditions like HIV, Organ transplant patients, and Diabetes. The responsible pathogens for this infection are Absidia, Rhizopus, and Aspergillus.
JNA is a vascular mass commonly found in the تجويف أنفي of adolescent males. These growths are not cancerous but can damage nerves and bones in the nasal cavity. They can also block the ear and sinus drainage. The commonest causes of the JNA are nasal obstruction and recurrent nasal bleeding. The mainstay of treatment for juvenile nasal angiofibroma is surgery to remove the tumor.
This is the inflammation of the nasal cavity structures. It causes nasal blockage, frequent sneezing, and excessive water-like discharge from the nose. These symptoms happen when the person breathes in something they are allergic to, such as dust, animal dander, or pollen.
The most common characteristic of this condition is the hypertrophy (increase in size) of the inferior conchae causing nasal obstruction and difficulty in breathing.
Fractures of the nasal bone are commonly due to physical or mechanical trauma. Fracture of the nasal bone can lead to profuse bleeding and obstruction in the تجويف أنفي. Fractures associated with the nasal cavity are treated by Ear, Nose and Throat surgeons.
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